Mojtaba Khamenei named Iran Supreme Leader after Ali Khamenei death

Iran named Mojtaba Khamenei, a son of the recently killed supreme leader, as his father’s successor, according to a statement from top clerics published on state media early Monday local time, signalling the continuity of hard-line theocratic rule as Israeli and US airstrikes pound the country.

Mr Khamenei himself, though, is something of a mystery even within Iran.

He is the son of the recently killed supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and has been an influential figure in the shadows of power, coordinating military and intelligence operations at his father’s office. He is known to have very close ties to Iran’s powerful Revolutionary Guard and was considered their favoured candidate.

Unlike his father, Mojtaba Khamenei, 56, carries the full religious credentials as an ayatollah at the moment of his ascension. He was known for teaching popular Shiite seminary classes.

But his personality or politics outside of his father’s tight inner circle are not known. He seldom speaks or appears in public. And now he will take the helm not just as Iran’s new religious and political authority, but also as the commander in chief of its armed forces.

Vali R. Nasr, an expert on Iran and Shiite Islam at Johns Hopkins University, said that Mr Khamenei would be a surprising choice, but a telling one.

“The choice of Mojtaba is the choice of continuity with his father, and also he is more ready than other candidates to quickly consolidate power and assert control over the system,” Mr Nasr said. He added that Khamenei had been considered a successor for a long time, but for the past two years, he had seemed to have dropped off the radar.

The late Khamenei had indicated to close advisers that he did not want his son to succeed him because he did not want the role to become hereditary, according to three senior Iranian officials familiar with Mr Khamenei and the selection process. They spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive internal issues.

After all, the Islamic Revolution in 1979 had toppled a monarchy with the promise to end the hereditary transfer of power and return it to the people.

But Mojtaba Khamenei’s ascension suggests that those in Iran’s circles of power — the senior clerics, the Guard and influential politicians, such as the head of the National Security Council, Ali Larijani — had closed ranks at a time of acute crisis and war.

Mr Larijani, a pragmatic veteran politician who has taken centre stage in running the country, and Mr Khamenei are old allies and friends. Both men are also influential within Iran’s armed forces.

The Revolutionary Guard was founded as an ideological force charged with defending the Islamic Republic and its borders, and to provide a buffer layer of security in case of defections and coups in the army. The Guard has since turned into a political, military and economic powerhouse. It is directing the waves of ballistic missiles and drones against Israel, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf, and US bases and embassies in the region, as massive US and Israeli airstrikes continue.

Mr Khamenei was selected by a group known as the Assembly of Experts, made up of 88 senior Shiite clerics. Even as the assembly was debating its choice Tuesday, Israel struck a building in Qom, one of Shiite Islam’s main seats of power, where the assembly would traditionally meet to vote on a new leader. But the building was empty, according to the Fars News agency, which is affiliated with the Revolutionary Guard, and the clerics were meeting virtually for security.

During the deliberations, the majority of the senior clerics in the assembly pushed for Mr Khamenei’s appointment, arguing that he had the qualifications needed to steer Iran in this moment, according to the three Iranian officials. Some clerics said that after the ayatollah had been killed by the United States and Israel, choosing his son would honour his legacy.

“Mojtaba is the wisest pick right now because he is intimately familiar with running and coordinating security and military apparatuses,” Mehdi Rahmati, an analyst in Tehran, said in an interview. “He was in charge of this already.”

But Mr Rahmati acknowledged that the appointment carries the risk of further polarising a population that is deeply divided, with many Iranians deeply opposed to the Islamic Republic’s rule.

“A portion of the public will react negatively and forcefully to this decision, and it will have a backlash,” he said.

The late Khamenei had the final say on all main state matters. He showed little flexibility on domestic reforms and offered few concessions in nuclear negotiations with the United States. He ordered the lethal crackdown on nationwide protests in January that were calling for the end to his rule. Security forces killed at least 7,000 people during that crackdown, according to rights groups that say the numbers could rise significantly when verification is completed.

Since the war began, US and Israeli airstrikes have killed not just Mojtaba Khamenei’s father, but also his wife, Zahra Adel; his mother, Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh; and a son, the Iranian government said.

Other candidates who were considered to be finalists for the supreme leader role were Alireza Arafi, a cleric and jurist who was part of the three-person transition council of leadership named after Ali Khamenei was killed, and Seyed Hassan Khomeini, a grandson of the Islamic Revolution’s founding father, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Mr Arafi and Mojtaba Khomeini are viewed as moderates, with the latter being close to the sidelined reformist political faction in Iran.

Some analysts hold that Mr Khamenei might yet lean toward reform, despite his father’s style. They argue that he is of a younger, more pragmatic generation of clerics and, because of his lineage, would face less resistance from the hard-line and conservative factions.

Abdolreza Davari, a politician close to Mr Khamenei, said in a phone interview from Tehran that if Khamenei did succeed his father, he might emerge as a figure in the style of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who has brought some liberalisation to his society.

“If there is anyone who could move toward some sort of de-escalation with the United States, it is him — any other person would face backlash from the ruling class and conservatives,” Davari said. “He intends to bring structural change.”